股票投资mscore
① 我需要一篇外文文献及翻译!关于企业财务风险防范的内容!要求字数达标、有外国作者的名字和出处。
一共两篇 ,希望对楼主有用
什么是财务风险
财务风险是企业在财务管理过程中必须面对的一个现实问题,财务风险是客观存在的,企业管理者对财务风险只有采取有效措施来降低风险,而不可能完全消除风险。文章通过对企业财务风险类型分析,从中找出不同财务风险产生的具体原因,并试图探索出解决各类财务风险的有效方法。
当今世界上因财务风险而倒闭破产的公司,甚至是特大公司也不为少见,如2002年世界500强的安然就是一例。因此,忽视财务风险将给我们带来的后果是严重的。
财务风险的定义和基本类型
财务风险是指企业在各项财务活动中由于各种难以预料和无法控制的因素,使企业在一定时期、一定范围内所获取的最终财务成果与预期的经营目标发生偏差,从而形成的使企业蒙受经济损失或更大收益的可能性。企业的财务活动贯穿于生产经营的整个过程中,筹措资金、长短期投资、分配利润等都可能产生风险。
根据风险的来源可以将财务风险划分为:
1.筹资风险
筹资风险指的是由于资金供需市场、宏观经济环境的变化,企业筹集资金给财务成果带来的不确定性。筹资风险主要包括利率风险、再融资风险、财务杠杆效应、汇率风险、购买力风险等。利率风险是指由于金融市场金融资产的波动而导致筹资成本的变动;再融资风险是指由于金融市场上金融工具品种、融资方式的变动,导致企业再次融资产生不确定性,或企业本身筹资结构的不合理导致再融资产生困难;财务杠杆效应是指由于企业使用杠杆融资给利益相关者的利益带来不确定性;汇率风险是指由于汇率变动引起的企业外汇业务成果的不确定性;购买力风险是指由于币值的变动给筹资带来的影响。
2.投资风险
投资风险指企业投入一定资金后,因市场需求变化而影响最终收益与预期收益偏离的风险。企业对外投资主要有直接投资和证券投资两种形式。在我国,根据公司法的规定,股东拥有企业股权的25%以上应该视为直接投资。证券投资主要有股票投资和债券投资两种形式。股票投资是风险共担,利益共享的投资形式;债券投资与被投资企业的财务活动没有直接关系,只是定期收取固定的利息,所面临的是被投资者无力偿还债务的风险。投资风险主要包括利率风险、再投资风险、汇率风险、通货膨胀风险、金融衍生工具风险、道德风险、违约风险等。
3.经营风险
经营风险又称营业风险,是指在企业的生产经营过程中,供、产、销各个环节不确定性因素的影响所导致企业资金运动的迟滞,产生企业价值的变动。经营风险主要包括采购风险、生产风险、存货变现风险、应收账款变现风险等。采购风险是指由于原材料市场供应商的变动而产生的供应不足的可能,以及由于信用条件与付款方式的变动而导致实际付款期限与平均付款期的偏离;生产风险是指由于信息、能源、技术及人员的变动而导致生产工艺流程的变化,以及由于库存不足所导致的停工待料或销售迟滞的可能;存货变现风险是指由于产品市场变动而导致产品销售受阻的可能;应收账款变现风险是指由于赊销业务过多导致应收账款管理成本增大的可能性,以及由于赊销政策的改变导致实际回收期与预期回收的偏离等。
4.存货管理风险
企业保持一定量的存货对于其进行正常生产来说是至关重要的,但如何确定最优库存量是一个比较棘手的问题,存货太多会导致产品积压,占用企业资金,风险较高;存货太少又可能导致原料供应不及时,影响企业的正常生产,严重时可能造成对客户的违约,影响企业的信誉。
5.流动性风险
流动性风险是指企业资产不能正常和确定性地转移现金或企业债务和付现责任不能正常履行的可能性。从这个意义上来说,可以把企业的流动性风险从企业的变现力和偿付能力两方面分析与评价。由于企业支付能力和偿债能力发生的问题,称为现金不足及现金不能清偿风险。由于企业资产不能确定性地转移为现金而发生的问题则称为变现力风险。
企业财务风险的成因
企业财务风险产生的原因很多,既有企业外部的原因,也有企业自身的原因,而且不同的财务风险形成的具体原因也不尽相同。企业产生财务风险的一般原因有以下几点:
1.企业财务管理宏观环境的复杂性是企业产生财务风险的外部原因。企业财务管理的宏观环境复杂多变,而企业管理系统不能适应复杂多变的宏观环境。财务管理的宏观环境包括经济环境、法律环境、市场环境、社会文化环境、资源环境等因素,这些因素存在企业之外,但对企业财务管理产生重大的影响。
2.企业财务管理人员对财务风险的客观性认识不足。财务风险是客观存在的,只要有财务活动,就必然存在着财务风险。然而在现实工作中,许多企业的财务管理人员缺乏风险意识。风险意识的淡薄是财务风险产生的重要原因之一。
3.财务决策缺乏科学性导致决策失误。财务决策失误是产生财务风险的又一主要原因。避免财务决策失误的前提是财务决策的科学化。
4.企业内部财务关系不明。这是企业产生财务风险的又一重要原因,企业与内部各部门之间及企业与上级企业之间,在资金管理及使用、利益分配等方面存在权责不明、管理不力的现象,造成资金使用效率低下,资金流失严重,资金的安全性、完整性无法得到保证。这主要存在于一些上市公司的财务关系中,很多集团公司母公司与子公司的财务关系十分混乱,资金使用没有有效的监督与控制。
化解财务风险的主要措施
企业财务风险是客观存在的,因此安全消除财务风险是不可能的,也是不现实的。对于企业财务风险,只能采取尽可能的措施,将其影响降低到最低的程度。
1.化解筹资风险的主要措施:
当企业的经营业务发生资金不足的困难时,可以采取发行股票、发行债券或银行借款等方式来筹集所需资本。
2.化解投资风险的主要措施:
从风险防范的角度来看,投资风险主要应该通过控制投资期限、投资品种来降低。一般来说,投资期越长,风险就大,因此企业应该尽量选择短期投资。而在进行证券投资的时候,应该采取分散投资的策略,选择若干种股票组成投资组合,通过组合中风险的相互抵消来降低风险。在对股票投资进行风险分析中,可以采用β系数的分析方法或资本资产定价模型来确定不同证券组合的风险。β系数小于1,说明它的风险小于整个市场的平均风险,因而是风险较小的投资对象。
3.化解汇率风险的主要措施:
(1)选择恰当合同货币。在有关对外贸易和借贷等经济交易中,选择何种货币作为计价货币直接关系到交易主体是否将承担汇率风险。为了避免汇率风险,企业应该争取使用本国货币作为合同货币,在出品、资本输出时使用硬通货,而在进口、资本输入时使用软通货。同时在合同中加列保值条款等措施。
(2)通过在金融市场进行保值操作。主要方法有现汇交易、期货交易、期汇交易、期权交易、借款与投资、利率—货币互换、外币票据贴现等。
(3)对于经济主体在资产负债表会计处理过程中产生的折算风险,一般是实行资产负债表保值来化解。这种方法要求在资产负债表上以各种功能货币表示的受险资产与受险负债的数额相等,从而使其折算风险头寸为零,只有这样,汇率变动才不致带来折算上的损失。
(4)经营多样化。即在国际范围内分散其销售、生产地及原材料来源地,通过国际经营的多样化,当汇率出现变化时,管理部门可以通过比较不同地区生产、销售和成本的变化趋利避害,增加在汇率变化有利的分支机构的生产,而减少汇率变化不利的分支机构的生产。
(5)财务多样化。即在多个金融市场以多种货币寻求资金的来源和资金去向,实行筹资多样化和投资多样化,这样在有的外币贬值,有的外币升值的情况下,公司就可以使绝大部分的外汇风险相互抵消,从而达到防范风险的目的。
4.化解流动性风险的主要措施:
企业的流动性较强的资产主要包括现金、存货、应收账款等项目。防范流动性风险的目的是在保持资产流动性的前提下,实现利益的最大化。因此应该确定最优的现金持有量、最佳的库存量以及加快应收账款的回收等。我们都很清楚持有现金有一个时间成本的问题,手中持有现金过多,显然会由于较高的资金占用而失去其他的获利机会,而持有现金太少,又会面临资金不能满足流动性需要的风险。因此企业应该确定一个最优的现金持有量,从而在防范流动性风险的前提下实现利益的最大化。
5.化解经营风险的主要措施:
在其他因素不变的情况下,市场对企业产品的需求越稳定,企业未来的经营收益就越确定,经营风险也就越小。因此企业在确定生产何种产品时,应先对产品市场做好调研,要生产适销对路的产品,销售价格是产品销售收入的决定因素之一,销售价格越稳定,销售收入就越稳定,企业未来的经营收益就越稳定,经营风险也就越小。
The Infrared Technology as the humanity knew that the nature, the exploration natural one kind of new modern tool, has been applied generally by various countries in the biology, the medicine, the geoscience and so on scientific field as well as the military reconnaissance aspect. But is very complex as a result of the goal infrared radiation, the factor are many, the infrared hot image's clarity is inferior to the visible image far, but people in use infrared hot chart analysis question time, hoped frequently simultaneously sees the visible light information and the infrared information. As the computer vision domain and an image understanding's important technology, the image fusion simultaneously observed the infrared hot information and the visible light information for the people have provided an effective method. This article research mainly take the infrared imagery and the visible light image as the information processing goal, through will carry on the contrastive analysis to each image fusion processing method, will summarize an effect good method, will then use with the matlab procere to realize these methods and to carry on the comparison again to the fusion effect. this article first introced the image fusion engineering research background and the domestic and foreign research tendency. Then introced the image fusion's basic concept, the level, have made the comparison to each level's fusion. Then introced the image fusion's Pyramid algorithm, and has carried on the analysis, the comparison to these algorithms, finally the matlab procere has realized these methods. as a result of the wavelet transformation in the information analysis and the information processing domain's good performance, this article used the great length to introce that the wavelet the knowledge, realized the image fusion with the fusion effect good small wave packet's method, through used the objective indicator the appraisal to prove based on the small wave packet's fusion was one very good fusion method. key word: Image fusion, wavelet transformation Pyramid algorithm, multi-resolution analysis, fusion rule, fusion appraisal
从分析财务风险入手,阐述其含义、特征以及种类等内容;在此基础上对财务风险产生的原因进行深入细致的分析研究,分析总结出财务风险产生的内因和外因诸方面;从而提出树立风险意识,建立有效的风险防范机制;建立和完善财务管理系统,以适应财务管理环境变化;建立财务风险预警机制,加强财务危机管理;提高财务决策的科学化水平,防止因决策失误而产生的财务风险;通过防范内部制度,建立约束机制来控制和防范财务风险五个方面的财务风险防范措施以及自我保险、多元化风险控制、风险转移、风险回避、风险降低五种技术方法。只有控制防范和化解企业财务风险,才能确保企业在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地。
财务风险的成因
(一)外部原因
1、国家政策的变化带来的融资风险。一般而言,由于中小企业生产经营不稳定。一国经济或金融政策的变化,都有可能对中小企业生产经营、市场环境和融资形式产生一定的影响。从2007 年开始,我国加大了对宏观经济的调控力度,央行第四次提高存款准备金率,尤其是实行差额准备金制度使直接面向中小企业服务的中小商业银行信贷收紧,中小企业的资金供给首先受阻,融资风险徒增不少,中小企业也因无法得到急需资金而被迫停产或收缩经营规模。2、银行融资渠道不流畅造成的融资风险。企业资金来源无非是自有资金和对外融资两种方式。在各种融资方式中,银行信贷又是重要的资金来源,但是银行在国家金融政策以及自身体制不健全等情况的影响下,普遍对中小企业贷款积极性不高,使其贷款难度加大,增加了企业的财务风险。
(二)内部原因1、盲目扩张投资规模。有相当一部分的中小企业在条件不成熟的情况下,仅凭经验判断片面追求公司外延的扩大,忽略了公司内涵和核心竞争力,造成投资时资金的重大浪费。2、投资决策失误。对企业来说,正确的产业选择是生存发展的战略起点。但一些企业在选择产业过程中,往往忽视了“产业选择是一个动态过程”的观念,不能敏锐地把握产业演变的趋势和方向。3、投资合作伙伴选择不当。企业在做出投资决策时,一定要充分考虑合作伙伴的资质、信誉,并应具备承担相应风险能力。4、诚信不足。中小企业信用不足是一个普遍现象。因此,银行要向中小企业提供贷款或投资人要向中小企业进行投资就不得不加大人力资源的投入以提高信息的收集和质量分析。这一方面加大了银行或投资人的贷款和投资成本。另一方面也给中小企业的融资带来困难。能否融通到资金,能融通到多少资金,中小企业的融资存在很大的不确性。
1 the meaning of financial risk
Ye at "small and medium-sized financial risk assessment and control of research" that the financial risk is the possibility of corporate insolvency and shareholders, the proceeds of uncertainty, it is difficult because of enterprise funds, to adopt a different mode of financing brought about by risk.
Starting from the analysis of financial risk on its meaning, characteristics and types of content; at this based on the causes of the financial risk to conct in-depth analysis and detailed research, analysis concludes that the financial risks arising from internal factors and external aspects; in turn, establish a risk awareness, the establishment of an effective risk prevention mechanism; set up and improve the financial management system to meet the financial management of environmental change; set up the financial risk early warning mechanism, strengthen the financial crisis management; improve the scientific level of financial decision-making to prevent e to poor decisions arising from the financial risk; through internal systems to prevent the establishment of binding mechanisms to control and guard against financial risk in five areas of financial risk prevention measures as well as self-insurance, diversification of risk control, risk transfer, risk averse, risk recing the five techniques. Only controlled enterprises to guard against and defuse financial risks, in order to ensure that enterprises in the fierce competition in the market in an invincible position.
The causes of the financial risks
(A) external causes
1, the national policy changes brought about by the financing risk. Generally speaking, small and medium-sized proction and operation because of instability. A country's economy or monetary policy changes, there may be small and medium-sized proction and management, market conditions and financing forms have a certain impact. Beginning in 2007, our country has increased the intensity of macroeconomic regulation and control, the central bank to raise the fourth time the deposit reserve ratio, in particular, are ready to implement the difference between a direct deposit system to make small and medium-sized service-oriented small and medium-sized commercial banks to tighten credit, SMEs First of all, the capital supply disruption, the risk of inviting a lot of financing, SMEs also in urgent need of funds can not be forced to stop proction or the scale of downsizing. 2, bank financing channels for non-financial risks caused by fluid. Corporate sources of funds are nothing more than its own funds and external financing in two ways. In various modes of financing, the bank credit is also an important source of funds, but banks in the country's financial policies as well as their own sound system is not under the influence of such circumstances, the general enthusiasm for SME lending is not high, their loans more difficult to increase the the enterprise's financial risk.
(B) internal factors one, blind expansion of investment scale. There is a considerable number of conditions are not ripe for the SMEs in the circumstances, only the experience of one-sided pursuit of companies to determine the expansion of the extension, ignore the company's content and core competitiveness, resulting in a major capital investment wasted. 2, the investment decision-making errors. For business, the correct selection of instries are the starting point for the survival and development strategy. However, some instrial enterprises in the selection process, the often overlooked "instry is a dynamic selection process" concept, should not a keen grasp of instry trends and direction of evolution. 3, improper selection of investment partners. Enterprises to make investment decisions, we must give full consideration to qualified partners, reputation, and should have to bear the corresponding risks. 4, less than honest. Lack of SME credit is a common situation. Therefore, small and medium-sized banks to provide loans or investments to small and medium-sized people had to step up investment on human resources in order to improve the quality of information collection and analysis. This respect has increased the investment bank or person lending and investment costs. On the other hand also give small and medium enterprises financing difficult. Ability to finance capital, to finance the number of funds, the financing of SMEs exist great uncertainties.
② 微电子芯片企业股有哪些呢
综艺股份、大唐电信、同方股份、ST沪科、张江高科等。
1、综艺股份
综艺集团创建于1987年,起步于南通市通州区黄金村。集团成立20多年来,制订了超越竞争的蓝海发展战略,以股权投资为桥梁。
迅速切入具有自主知识产权和核心竞争力的高新技术产业,有计划地坚定向现代化的高科技投资控股企业转型,打造成功了以信息科技产业为主线的高科技产业链,完成了以新能源为龙头、信息产业和股权投资为两翼的产业布局。
2、大唐电信
大唐电信科技股份有限公司是电信科学技术研究院(大唐电信科技产业集团)控股的的高科技企业,公司于1998年在北京注册成立,同年10月,“大唐电信”股票在上交所挂牌上市。
3、同方股份
同方股份有限公司名字取自清华大学清华园最早的建筑、昔日用作祭祀孔子的地方—同方部。
公司主要从事资讯科技(资讯系统、电脑系统、宽带通信)、能源与环境(人工环境、能源环境、建筑环境、生态环境)两大产业。同方股份在1997年成立,并在同年于上海证券交易所上市。2006年,公司更名为“同方股份有限公司”。
4、ST沪科
ST沪科是上海宽频科技股份有限公司采用公开募集方式设立的股份有限公司,1992年3月27日在上海证券交易所上市交易。主要对高新技术产业投资,实业投资,投资管理,技术服务,技术培训等。
5、张江高科
张江高科技园区,被誉为中国硅谷。成立于1992年7月,位于上海浦东新区中南部,是中国国家级高新技术园区,与陆家嘴、金桥和外高桥开发区同为上海浦东新区四个重点开发区域。
③ 雅化集团最新利好新闻雅化集团2021业绩预告雅化集团股票的投资价值
最近锂电池概念成为了舆论焦点,很多投资者都关注了这个概念,雅化集团是锂电池概念其中之一,这个股票值不值得我们入手,我将会全面的为大家解析。但是,在详细讲解内容之前,我要和各位小伙伴们分享一份近期整理好的化学制品行业龙头股名单,直接点击链接:宝藏资料!化学制品行业龙头股一栏表
一、从公司角度来看
公司介绍:四川雅化实业集团股份有限公司的业务范围主要有民爆业务和锂业务,也涉及军用、运输等行业。在2019年公司生产总值位列行业第五位,工业雷管年产量位列行业第二位。这家公司在锂行业中是领头羊,参与了行业电池级氢氧化锂国家标准的制定,公司荣获四川民营企业100强、四川上市公司品牌指数榜、全国模范劳动关系和谐企业等荣誉称号。
简单介绍雅化集团后,下面将从亮点入手分析,看看雅化集团是否还值得投资。
亮点一:夯实民爆业务,强化区域龙头地位
在四川民爆器材生产企业就数它家规模最大,国家西部大开发地区是公司主要的生产点,加之区域内水利和矿产资源丰富,民爆市场空间相对较大且具备一定成本优势。近些年民爆企业并购整合的步伐在不断加快,行业逐步呈现以优势企业为龙头的区域化发展、产业集中度提高和以爆破技术服务为主的发展格局,公司将通过整合当地小产能强化区域龙头地位。公司民爆产业未来的增量主要来自于工程爆破业务,还有川藏铁路建设很可能会为公司带来较大的业务增量。
亮点二:进一步扩大锂盐产能,产品已进入国际一流整车厂供应链
从2013年公司开始迈入锂产业,目前对于锂盐公司的生产能力为4.3万吨,并计划新建5万吨电池级氢氧化锂产能、1.1万吨氯化锂产能,继续加大投入新能源汽车锂电赛道。除此之外,公司入股澳洲上市公司Core达成了后续锂精矿合作想法。与特斯拉签署的协议里面的内容最重要的是要保障我们锂盐产品销售,全资子公司雅安锂业与特斯拉签订长期的电池级氢氧化锂供货合同,约定2021年至2025年,特斯拉采购价值总计6.3亿美元~8.8亿美元的电池级氢氧化锂产品。因为篇幅有限,雅化集团的深度报告和风险提示的更多相关资料信息,我总结到这份报告中了,点击进入就可以查看:【深度研报】雅化集团点评,建议收藏!
二、从行业角度看
2020年11月,国务院发布了《新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021-2035)》,对新能源汽车的发展给予重大政策支持,新能源汽车担负制造强国、环境保护、对外开放、经济增长等国家使命,国家扶持新能源汽车产业发展态度坚定,节能与新能源汽车一体化协作发展是产业发展的大方向。目前锂资源依然紧缺,新能源汽车需求不断增大,拿锂行业的行业景气来说,都一直在上升的。民爆业务在雅化集团中的发展一直都是很稳定的状态,针对锂电池业务,也在不断主动去扩大产能,让公司业绩水平有一个质的飞跃。
概括起来说,雅化集团紧跟新能源的步伐,将新能源这个项目做大并不断完善好,发展前景不用愁。但是文章有着比较明显的滞后性,倘若想更准确地认识雅化集团未来行情,直接点击链接,有专业的投顾帮你诊股,看下雅化集团在估值上是否会高:【免费】测一测雅化集团现在是高估还是低估?
应答时间:2021-11-06,最新业务变化以文中链接内展示的数据为准,请点击查看
④ CFA一级和FRM哪个比较难考啊要多长时间准备考试
FRM是专门针对金融风险管理:适用的工作为企业、银行、保险、投资等机构的风险管理部;只要考一次,主要偏重于数量及具体的风险管理方法;其难度相当于CFA二级的相关内容。CFA是专门针对投资分析管理:适用的工作为投资管理与组合管理,需求机构为基金、投资和银行等金融机构的投资管理部或分析部门;需要依次通过三级考试,考的知识笑桥弯范围较广泛。
(一)设立简介
1、CFA
它是证券投资与管理界的一种职业资格碰闷称号,由美国"投资管理研究协会"(AIMR)负责实施。
AIMR由"注册金融分析师学院"(ICFA)和"金融分析师联合会"(FAF)合并成立,现有来自100多个国家的5万名会员,其使命是通过对成员实行严格的职业道德规范、高标准的专业水平为全球投资业提供最可信赖的管理和咨询服务,为投资者提供更为明智的选择。
2、FRM
它是金融风险管理领域的一种资格认证称号,由美国"全球风险协会"(GARP)设立。
GARP是一个拥有来自超过130个国家的3万多名会员的世界**的金融协会组织之一,主要由风险管理方面的专业人员、从业者和研究者组成。其主要职能是通过信息交换,实施教育计划,提高金融风险管理领域的标准。
FRM考试始于1997年,每年11月中旬举行一次考试,截至2008年已实行了12年,全球共有3300多名人员获得FRM头衔。在中国大陆北京和上海设有考点。
(二)考试比较
CFA考试分三个水平等级,各个水平分别出题,每一水平试题又分为上午和下午各三小时。应考人员每次只能选其中某一水平的等级考试。应考人员至少应具有大学学历,通过CFA高级水平考试者,需要具备金融、投资、管理等领域至少三年以上的工作经验,同时又是AIMR的成员,才有资格获得CFA证书。一级考试准备约为240小时。
FRM考试只有一级,考试时间为五小时,全部是标准化试题,140道左右的多项选择题。应考人员FRM考试分数线达标,在金融风险管理或贸易、投资管理、经济、审计等相关领域至少具有两年的工作经验,同时又是GARP会员方能被授予FRM资格证书。复习备考时间约为14周。
(三)小结
诚然,CFA目前尚是世界金融投资管理领域**权威性的资格认证考试,但获得CFA头衔需要极其昂贵的考试报名费用,单考试就分为三级,另外还有大量参考书目和相关阅读材料的费用。而FRM虽然设立时间不长,但发展极为迅速,已经得到华尔街和其他欧美著名金融机构与大型公司风险管理部门以及政府监管层的认同,并已经初步成为风险管理领域的较专业认证。而且FRM考试只有一级,全部实行标准化,费用相对较低。所以,那些对金消耐融风险管理感兴趣的人员,不妨可以试一下,既可以提高自己的风险知识水平,又可为职场发展和事业开拓增加一个重磅筹码。
⑤ 股指期货对中国股市的影响
股指期货的四方面影响
股指期货对中国股市有四影响 不改市场长期趋势
随着我国经济的持续稳定发展以及市场化改革的不断推进,金融衍生产品的推出成为当务之急。股指期货作为一个投资品种和风险管理工具,本身是中性的,它的推出不会改变市场的长期趋势,虽然在其推出后短期内可能会对股市形成一定的扰动,但主要仍将受市场总体态势及内在估值的影响,而且估值因素的影响更为重要。
当然,由于股指期货具有金融衍生产品的特性,它的推出必然会对我国股票现货市场产生重要而深远的影响,主要有以下几个方面:
影响一,证券投资思维方式的变革。股指期货提供了风险管理工具,有助于投资者真正构建投资组合,降低系统性风险。另外,股指期货引入了做空机制,影响市场走势的因素比以前就更多了,投资者的投资思维和投资策略也必须适时转变,改单向思维为双向思维。股指期货推出后,一方面,市场估值更趋合理,股价不太可能再大幅超出其内在价值,否则,与基本面严重脱节的股票就会产生很多套利机会;另一方面,只要趋势判断准确,做空也能获利,即在熊市中亦可赚钱。
影响二,可以吸引增量资金进场,扩大股票市场规模,增强市场流动性。股指期货推出后,由于部分投资者需要对资产组合进行重新配置,故短期内可能会分流股票现货市场的资金,影响股票市场交易量。但从中长期来看,股指期货的推出使得股票交易机制更加完善,同时多了一种风险管理工具,将会吸引更多的稳健型资金参与股票投资。另外,利用股票现货和股指期货套利是一种风险较低的交易模式,能够吸引许多套利资金入市。因此,股指期货能够为市场带来大量新增资金,提高股票现货市场的活跃程度,推动股票现货和股指期货的交易量双向增长。美国、香港等市场的经验也验证了这一点,芝加哥商业交易所1982年推出S&P500股票指数后,股票现货和股指期货的交易量大幅提高;香港1986年推出恒生股指期货后,股票交易量当年就上升了60%,此后股票交易量不断增加。
影响三,有助于优化投资者结构。目前我国证券市场参与者仍以中小投资者为主,机构投资者的规模只占30%左右,由于各种原因,中小投资者大多以投机心态参与股市,显然不利于证券市场的长期健康发展。股指期货推出后,除了会增强市场的流动性和稳定性之外,也将提高证券市场的发展程度和层次,各种套期保值和套利行为将趋于活跃,中小投资者难以参与,这有利于改善我国证券市场的投资主体结构,大大加速机构化进程,使机构博弈成为市场投资的主流,我国也将像其它发达国家一样进入机构投资者主导的时代。
影响四,将提升大盘蓝筹股的投资价值。大盘蓝筹股具有股本巨大、业绩优良、派息率高、流动性强等优势,容易受到主流资金的青睐。股指期货推出后,机构投资者手中必须拥有充足的大盘蓝筹股筹码,才能具备调控股指的话语权。我国A股股指期货已选定以沪深300指数为标的,因此,以沪深300指数成分股为代表的大盘蓝筹价值股将成为今后投资者最为关注的焦点,它们将是机构投资者不可或缺的核心配置资产。此外,机构投资者进行套期保值也需要配置许多大盘蓝筹股,并作为基础仓位战略性持有。尤其在股指期货正式推出前还会有抢筹效应,大盘蓝筹股将显现稀缺性溢价。今后投资者应积极关注沪深300指数的成分股,特别是主要成分股。
下面是大概翻译成英文,你还要自己修正一下:
The stock index stock's square face makes a sound the stock index stock to have four influences to the Chinese Stock market not to change market long-term trend to continue the steady progression as well as the marketability reform unceasing advancement along with our country economy, the finance derivative proct promotes into the urgent matter. The stock index stock takes an investment variety and the risk management tool, is in itself neutral, it will promote will not change the market the long-term trend, although after it will promote in the short-term to the stock market will possibly form certain perturbation, but mainly still will receive the market overall situation and the intrinsic estimate value influence, moreover the estimate value factor's will influence be more important. is natural, because the stock index stock has the finance derivative proct characteristic, it will promote definitely will have important and the profound influence to our country stock stock market, mainly will have the following several aspects: affects one, securities investment thinking mode transformation. The stock index stock has provided the risk management tool, is helpful constructs the investment profolio truly in the investor, reces the systematic risk. Moreover, the stock index stock introced has made the spatial mechanism, affected the market trend the factor before have been more than, investor's investment thought and the investment strategy must at the right moment transform, change the unidirectional thought are the bidirectional thoughts. After the stock index stock promotes, on the one hand, the market estimate value hastens reasonably, the stock price not too possible to surpass its intrinsic value largely again, otherwise, the stock which will come apart seriously with the fundamental plane will have many arbitrage opportunities; On the other hand, so long as the tendency judgment is accurate, does spatially can also make a profit, namely may also make money in the bear market. affects two, may attract the increase fund approach, the expansion Stock market scale, strengthens the market fluidity. After the stock index stock promotes, because the partial investors need to carry on to the asset portfolio redeploy, therefore in the short-term will possibly diverge stock stock market the fund, will affect the Stock market business volume. But looking from the medium and long-term, the stock index stock promotes causes the stock transaction mechanism to be more perfect, simultaneously have been many one kind of risk management tool, will attract the more steady fund participation stock investment. Moreover, the use stock on-hand merchandise and the stock index stock arbitrage is one kind of risk low transaction pattern, can attract many arbitrage fund entering the market. Therefore, the stock index stock can bring the massive additional fund for the market, enhances the stock stock market the active degree, impels the stock on-hand merchandise and the stock index stock business volume bidirectional growth. Market and so on US, Hong Kong experiences have also confirmed this point, after Chicago commercial exchange in 1982 promoted the S&P500 stock index, the stock on-hand merchandise and the stock index stock's business volume largely enhances; After Hong Kong in 1986 promoted the Hengsheng stock index stock, the stock business volume rose 60% in the past, hereafter the stock business volume increased unceasingly. affects three, is helpful in optimizes the investor structure. At present our country stock market participant still by the young investor primarily, institutional investor's scale only accounted for about 30%, as a result of each kind of reason, the young investor mostly by the congenial point of view participation stock market, does not favor the stock market obviously the long-term healthy development. After the stock index stock promotes, besides will strengthen the market the fluidity and the stability, also will enhance the stock market the degree of development and the level, each kind of hedge and the arbitrage behavior will tend to be active, the young investor will participation with difficulty, this will be advantageous in improves our country stock market the subject of investment structure, will accelerate the organization advancement greatly, will cause the organization to gamble into the market investment the mainstream, our country will also look like other developed countries to enter equally the time which the institutional investor will lead. affects four, will promote the bulk lots blue chip stock the value of each contribution. The bulk lots blue chip stock has the capital stock to be huge, the achievement is fine, distributing dividends rate high, fluidity strong and so on superiority, easy to receive the mainstream fund the favor. After the stock index stock promotes, in the institutional investor hand must have the sufficient bulk lots blue chip stock chip, can have the regulative stock index words power. Our country A stock index stock has designated take the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 indices as the sign, therefore, will become take the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 indices distributes stock shares plans the value stock as representative's bulk lots to become the focal point which blue the investor most will pay from now on attention, they will be institutional investor's indispensable core disposition properties. In addition, the institutional investor carries on the hedge also to need to dispose many bulk lots blue chip stock, and the underlie shipping space strategic has. Especially before the stock index stock will promote officially will also have snatches plans the effect, the bulk lots blue chip stock will appear the scarcity premium. From now on the investor should pay attention to the Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 indices to become positively distributes stock shares, specially mainly becomes distributes stock shares.
⑥ 我需要一篇外文文献及翻译!关于企业财务风险防范的内容!要求字数达标、有外国作者的名字和出处
1 the meaning of financial risk
Ye at "small and medium-sized financial risk assessment and control of research" that the financial risk is the possibility of corporate insolvency and shareholders, the proceeds of uncertainty, it is difficult because of enterprise funds, to adopt a different mode of financing brought about by risk.
Starting from the analysis of financial risk on its meaning, characteristics and types of content; at this based on the causes of the financial risk to conct in-depth analysis and detailed research, analysis concludes that the financial risks arising from internal factors and external aspects; in turn, establish a risk awareness, the establishment of an effective risk prevention mechanism; set up and improve the financial management system to meet the financial management of environmental change; set up the financial risk early warning mechanism, strengthen the financial crisis management; improve the scientific level of financial decision-making to prevent e to poor decisions arising from the financial risk; through internal systems to prevent the establishment of binding mechanisms to control and guard against financial risk in five areas of financial risk prevention measures as well as self-insurance, diversification of risk control, risk transfer, risk averse, risk recing the five techniques. Only controlled enterprises to guard against and defuse financial risks, in order to ensure that enterprises in the fierce competition in the market in an invincible position.
The causes of the financial risks
(A) external causes
1, the national policy changes brought about by the financing risk. Generally speaking, small and medium-sized proction and operation because of instability. A country's economy or monetary policy changes, there may be small and medium-sized proction and management, market conditions and financing forms have a certain impact. Beginning in 2007, our country has increased the intensity of macroeconomic regulation and control, the central bank to raise the fourth time the deposit reserve ratio, in particular, are ready to implement the difference between a direct deposit system to make small and medium-sized service-oriented small and medium-sized commercial banks to tighten credit, SMEs First of all, the capital supply disruption, the risk of inviting a lot of financing, SMEs also in urgent need of funds can not be forced to stop proction or the scale of downsizing. 2, bank financing channels for non-financial risks caused by fluid. Corporate sources of funds are nothing more than its own funds and external financing in two ways. In various modes of financing, the bank credit is also an important source of funds, but banks in the country's financial policies as well as their own sound system is not under the influence of such circumstances, the general enthusiasm for SME lending is not high, their loans more difficult to increase the the enterprise's financial risk.
(B) internal factors one, blind expansion of investment scale. There is a considerable number of conditions are not ripe for the SMEs in the circumstances, only the experience of one-sided pursuit of companies to determine the expansion of the extension, ignore the company's content and core competitiveness, resulting in a major capital investment wasted. 2, the investment decision-making errors. For business, the correct selection of instries are the starting point for the survival and development strategy. However, some instrial enterprises in the selection process, the often overlooked "instry is a dynamic selection process" concept, should not a keen grasp of instry trends and direction of evolution. 3, improper selection of investment partners. Enterprises to make investment decisions, we must give full consideration to qualified partners, reputation, and should have to bear the corresponding risks. 4, less than honest. Lack of SME credit is a common situation. Therefore, small and medium-sized banks to provide loans or investments to small and medium-sized people had to step up investment on human resources in order to improve the quality of information collection and analysis. This respect has increased the investment bank or person lending and investment costs. On the other hand also give small and medium enterprises financing difficult. Ability to finance capital, to finance the number of funds, the financing of SMEs exist great uncertainties.
⑦ 雅化集团历史最高价多少雅化集团股票股价预测雅化集团这个星期会涨吗
近段时间锂电池概念可以说是家喻户晓,众多的投资者都开始了解,雅化集团也隶属锂电池概念,我们该如何审视此股票,由我来为大家进行全面的分析。然而,在分析之前,我把已经整理好的化学制品行业龙头股名单和大家分享一下,戳下方链接即可:宝藏资料!化学制品行业龙头股一栏表
一、从公司角度来看
公司介绍:四川雅化实业集团股份有限公司主营业务包括民爆业务和锂业务两大板块,也涉及军用、运输等行业。在2019年公司生产总值位列行业第五位,工业雷管年产量位列行业第二位。在锂产业方面,公司在业内处于领先地位,它是制定行业电池级氢氧化锂国家标准的公司之一,公司荣获四川民营企业100强、四川上市公司品牌指数榜、全国模范劳动关系和谐企业等荣誉称号。
初步了解雅化集团之后,下面来分析一下亮点,了解一下雅化集团是否值得入手。
亮点一:夯实民爆业务,强化区域龙头地位
四川最大规模的民爆器材生产企业就是该公司,国家西部大开发地区是公司主要的生产点,此外,区域内水利和矿产富饶、开发潜力大,民爆市场空间相对较大且具备一定成本优势。近年民爆企业都在加紧并购整合,行业逐步呈现以优势企业为龙头的区域化发展、产业集中度提高和以爆破技术服务为主的发展格局,为了加强公司的区域龙头地位,它会使用整合当地小产能的方式。公司民爆产业未来的增量主要是从工程爆破业务中来的,与此同时川藏铁路建设有望为公司贡献较大的业务增量。
亮点二:进一步扩大锂盐产能,产品已进入国际一流整车厂供应链
公司自2013年以来进入锂行业,在当前技术条件下,公司能够处理的锂盐的数量是4.3万吨,并计划新建5万吨电池级氢氧化锂产能、1.1万吨氯化锂产能,在新能源汽车锂电赛道上持续发力,除此之外,这家公司还已经入股澳洲上市公司Core后续也达成了锂精矿合作意向。与特斯拉签署的协议保障锂盐产品销售,长期电池级氢氧化锂供货合同是由全资子公司雅安锂业与特斯拉与特斯拉签订的,约定2021年至2025年,特斯拉采购价值总计6.3亿美元~8.8亿美元的电池级氢氧化锂产品。鉴于篇幅有限,有关于雅化集团的深度报告和风险提示这两方面的资料信息,我总结到这份报告中了,点击进入就可以查看:【深度研报】雅化集团点评,建议收藏!
二、从行业角度看
2020年11月,国务院发布了《新能源汽车产业发展规划(2021-2035)》,对新能源汽车的发展给予重大政策支持,新能源汽车担负制造强国、环境保护、对外开放、经济增长等国家使命,国家扶持新能源汽车产业发展态度坚定,未来的发展趋势即是节能与新能源汽车协同发展。现在锂资源仍旧紧缺,新能源汽车需求不断增大,于锂行业而言,行业景气度一直有在提高。雅化集团民爆业务稳定持续发展,也在不断积极扩大锂电池业务的产能,从而提高公司的业绩水平。
综上所述,雅化集团紧跟新能源的步伐,不断将此类资源推进,前景是非常不错的。但是文章会有一些延时,倘若想更准确地认识雅化集团未来行情,那就赶快打开链接,有专业的投顾会在诊股方面替你把关,看下雅化集团估值是否存在高估现象:【免费】测一测雅化集团现在是高估还是低估?
应答时间:2021-10-25,最新业务变化以文中链接内展示的数据为准,请点击查看
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