股票影響因素預測模型
A. 財務管理:從股票估價的基本模型分析影響股票價值的因素有哪些
決定股票價值最重要的一點是公司收益 而決定公司股票價格的是投資者對公司收益的預期 即在未來很長一段時間內都將維持高盈利水平的公司,如果市場上對應的股票相對較低(市盈率低於每股收益增長率) 此為低估
稅後利潤的多少 現金流量的多少 存貨的多少 是考察增長型公司的標准之一 建議參考財務報表之類的書籍了解存貨與現金的關系
公司資產涉及到隱性資產與非隱性資產。 有隱性資產的公司可不考慮盈利水平長期持有
公司總資產越多負債越少說明公司的生存能力。 而短期負債與短期現金流關系說明公司短期償債能力,等等這些都是公司經營水平的體現。也可一定程度上體現出行業能暖。
股息是公司對股東的回報,股息率越高說明公司每年對投資者給予的回報越多。如果一個公司常年賺錢卻不分紅有三種可能 1 公司持續高增長需要投資 2 公司管理層對投資者回報毫不在意 3 公司大股東與管理層存在利益輸送。 如果一個公司常年不賺錢卻依然分紅,也表明了許多,不再一一贅述
綜上所述 股息稅後利潤,存貨,公司資產,現金流等是財務報表中比較重要的幾項,這幾項是幫助你更好地了解公司的運營情況,公司的盈利水平,以及以後的發展方向。 這些數據與每股收益增長率是相輔相成的。
B. 股票的預測模型有哪些
股票的預測模型:
1、凈現金流量折現法;
2、投資機會折現法;
3、股利折現法;
4、盈餘折現法;
除此之外,想了解更多的股票類的知識,可以下載財源滾滾APP軟體,系統學習下
C. 根據CAPM模型,影響特定股票預期收益率的因素有( )。
1.CAPM模型的形式。
E(Rp)=Rf+β([(RM)-Rf]
其中 β=Cov(Ri,Rm)/Var(Rm)
E(Rp)表示投資組合的期望收益率,Rf為無風險報酬率,E(RM)表示市場組合期望收益率,β為某一組合的系統風險系數,CAPM模型主要表示單個證券或投資組合同系統風險收益率之間的關系,也即是單個投資組合的收益率等於無風險收益率與風險溢價的和。
所以選ABC
D. 預測股票時數學模型怎麼把經濟形式等因素考慮上去
這個是考慮不了,股市有自己內在的調整規律,道氏理論的一個觀點就是市場指數會反映每一條信息 ,在市場中,人們每天對於諸如財經政策、擴容、領導人講話、機構違規、創業板等層出不盡的題材不斷加以評估和判斷,並不斷將自己的心理因素反映到市場的決策中。所以市場已經反應了經濟形勢,股市是經濟的晴雨表,股市先於經濟表現。
E. 急急急!!!利率變動對股市影響的數學公式(數學模型也可以)
沒有公式,你看下面的信息自己做一個正反比例的模型,然後倒入這幾年的經濟數據擬合吧!!
(參考資料,英文中文都有)
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一般理論上來說,利率下降時,股票的價格就上漲;利率上升時,股票的價格就會下跌。因此,利率的高低以及利率同股票市場的關系,也成為股票投資者據以買進和賣出股票的重要依據。
利率對於股票的影響可以分成三種途徑:
一是利率變動造成的資產組合替代效應,利率變動通過影響存款收益率,投資者就會對股票和儲蓄以及債券之間做出選擇,實現資本的保值增值。
通過資產重新組合進而影響資金流向和流量,最終必然會影響到股票市場的資金供求和股票價格。利率上升,一部分資金可能從股市轉而投向銀行儲蓄和債券,從而會減少市場上的資金供應量,減少股票需求,股票價格下降;反之,利率下降,股票市場資金供應增加,股票價格將上升。
二是利率對上市公司經營的影響,進而影響公司未來的估值水平。
貸款利率提高會加重企業利息負擔,從而減少企業的盈利,進而減少企業的股票分紅派息,受利率的提高和股票分紅派息降低的雙重影響,股票價格必然會下降。相反,貸款利率下調將減輕企業利息負擔,降低企業生產經營成本,提高企業盈利能力,使企業可以增加股票的分紅派息。受利率的降低和股票分紅派息增加的雙重影響,股票價格將大幅上升。
三是利率變動對股票內在價值的影響。
股票資產的內在價值是由資產在未來時期中所接受的現金流決定的,股票的內在價值與一定風險下的貼現率呈反比關系,如果將銀行間拆借、銀行間債券與證券交易所的債券回購利率作為參考的貼現率,則貼現率的上揚必然導致股票內在價值的降低,從而也會使股票價格相應下降。股指的變化與市場的貼現率呈現反向變化,貼現率上升,股票的內在價值下降,股指將下降;反之,貼現率下降,股價指數上升。
以上的傳導途徑應該是較長的一個時期才能體現出來的,利率調整與股價變動之間通常有一個時滯效應,因為利率下調首先引起儲蓄分流,增加股市的資金供給,更多的資金追逐同樣多的股票,才能引起股價上漲,利率下調到股價上漲之間有一個過程。如我國央行自1996年5月以來的八次下調存款利率,到2002年1年期定期儲蓄存款的實際收益率只有1.58%。在股票價格在較長時間內持續上漲的情況下,股票投資的收益率遠遠高於存款的報酬率,一部分儲蓄存款轉化為股票投資,從而加快了儲蓄分流的步伐。從我國居民儲蓄存款增長率來看,1994年居民儲蓄存款增長率45.6%,之後增幅連年下滑,而同一時期股票市場發展迅速,1999年下半年開始儲蓄分流明顯加快,到2000年分流達到頂點,同年我國居民儲蓄存款增長率僅為7.9%。這一年股票市場也牛氣沖天。2001年儲蓄分流則明顯減緩,增長率14.7%,居民儲蓄傾向增強。2001年股市波動性加大,股價持續幾個月的大幅回調,則是2001年儲蓄分流減緩、居民儲蓄存款大幅增加的主要原因之一。
另外,利率對於企業的經營成本影響同樣需要一個生產和銷售的資本運轉過程,短時間內,難以體現出來。因此,利率和股票市場的相關性要從長期來把握。
實際上,就中長期而言,利率升降和股市的漲跌也並不是簡單的負相關關系。就是說,中長期股價指數的走勢不僅僅只受利率走勢的影響,它同時對經濟增長因素、非市場宏觀政策因素的反應也很敏感。如果經濟增長因素、非市場宏觀政策因素的影響大於利率對股市的影響,股價指數的走勢就會與利率的中長期走勢相背離。
典型如美國的利率調整和股市走勢就出現同步上漲的過程。1992年至1995年美元加息周期中,由於經濟處於穩步增長階段,逐步收緊的貨幣政策並未使經濟下滑,公司盈利與股價走勢也保持了良好態勢,加息之後,股票市場反而走高,其根本原因是經濟增長的影響大於加息的影響。
我國從1996年5月進入降息周期的拐點。股指也進入上升周期。利率與股指的走勢發生了5年的負相關關系。但2001年在利率沒有進入升息周期的情況下,股指開始了下跌的趨勢。分析其原因,我國非市場宏觀政策因素的影響大於利率對股市的影響。人們對非流通的國有股將進入市場流通的擔心和恐懼導致了股市投資的風險和收益發生了非對稱的變化。從這個角度來看,由於我國目前非市場宏觀政策因素仍然有比較大的不確定性,所以利率對股市的影響不能夠成為我們研究和預測股市中長期走勢的主要因素。
就短期而言,我國利率的變動對股價的走勢很難判斷存在相關性。利率調整當天和隨後的股價波動並不能說明二者之間有何必然的聯系。從當前股市的狀況分析,很明顯也和利率的走勢不符合理論上的負相關性。股票市場的低迷更多地被歸結為上市公司的質量以及諸多體制性問題和投資者信心問題。因此,在看待我國加息預期對於股票市場的影響時,還要考慮其他諸多因素,而不能簡單從前文所述的理論關系來判斷。利率只是影響股市的因素之一,而不是惟一決定因素。因此,我們不能唯利率升降是從,要具體分析,何況即使利率上升,股市也並不是就完全沒有投資機會。(
Interest rates. Most people pay attention to them, and they can impact the stock market. But why? In this article, we'll explain some of the indirect links between interest rates and the stock market and show you how they might affect your life.
The Interest Rate
Essentially, interest is nothing more than the cost someone pays for the use of someone else's money. Homeowners know this scenario quite intimately. They have to use a bank's money (through a mortgage) to purchase a home, and they have to pay the bank for the privilege. Credit card users also know this scenario quite well - they borrow money for the short term in order to buy something right away. But when it comes to the stock market and the impact of interest rates, the term usually refers to something other than the above examples - although we will see that they are affected as well. (To read more, see Who determines interest rates?)
The interest rate that applies to investors is the U.S. Federal Reserve's federal funds rate. This is the cost that banks are charged for borrowing money from Federal Reserve banks. Why is this number so important? It is the way the Federal Reserve (the "Fed") attempts to control inflation. Inflation is caused by too much money chasing too few goods (or too much demand for too little supply), which causes prices to increase. By influencing the amount of money available for purchasing goods, the Fed can control inflation. Other countries' central banks do the same thing for the same reason.
Basically, by increasing the federal funds rate, the Fed attempts to lower the supply of money by making it more expensive to obtain.(To see more on the Federal Reserve, read Get To Know The Major Central Banks, The Fed Model And Stock Valuation: What It Does And Does Not Tell Us and Formulating Monetary Policy.)
Effects of an Increase
When the Fed increases the federal funds rate, it does not have an immediate impact on the stock market. Instead, the increased federal funds rate has a single direct effect - it becomes more expensive for banks to borrow money from the Fed. However, increases in the discount rate also cause a ripple effect, and factors that influence both indivials and businesses are affected.
The first indirect effect of an increased federal funds rate is that banks increase the rates that they charge their customers to borrow money. Indivials are affected through increases to credit card and mortgage interest rates, especially if they carry a variable interest rate. This has the effect of decreasing the amount of money consumers can spend. After all, people still have to pay the bills, and when those bills become more expensive, households are left with less disposable income. This means that people will spend less discretionary money, which will affect businesses' top and bottom lines (that is, revenues and profits).
Therefore, businesses are also indirectly affected by an increase in the federal funds rate as a result of the actions of indivial consumers. But businesses are affected in a more direct way as well. They, too, borrow money from banks to run and expand their operations. When the banks make borrowing more expensive, companies might not borrow as much and will pay a higher rate of interest on their loans. Less business spending can slow down the growth of a company, resulting in decreases in profit. (For extra reading on company lending, read When Companies Borrow Money.)
Stock Price Effects
Clearly, changes in the federal funds rate affect the behavior of consumers and business, but the stock market is also affected. Remember that one method of valuing a company is to take the sum of all the expected future cash flows from that company discounted back to the present. To arrive at a stock's price, take the sum of the future discounted cash flow and divide it by the number of shares available. This price fluctuates as a result of the different expectations that people have about the company at different times. Because of those differences, they are willing to buy or sell shares at different prices.
If a company is seen as cutting back on its growth spending or is making less profit - either through higher debt expenses or less revenue from consumers - then the estimated amount of future cash flows will drop. All else being equal, this will lower the price of the company's stock. If enough companies experience a decline in their stock prices, the whole market, or the indexes (like the Dow Jones Instrial Average or the S&P 500) that many people equate with the market, will go down. (To learn more, check out Why Do Markets Move?, Forces That Move Stock Prices and What causes a significant move in the stock market?)
Investment Effects
For many investors, a declining market or stock price is not a desirable outcome. Investors wish to see their invested money increase in value. Such gains come from stock price appreciation, the payment of dividends - or both. With a lowered expectation in the growth and future cash flows of the company, investors will not get as much growth from stock price appreciation, making stock ownership less desirable.
Furthermore, investing in stocks can be viewed as too risky compared to other investments. When the Fed raises the federal funds rate, newly offered government securities, such Treasury bills and bonds, are often viewed as the safest investments and will usually experience a corresponding increase in interest rates. In other words, the "risk-free" rate of return goes up, making these investments more desirable. When people invest in stocks, they need to be compensated for taking on the additional risk involved in such an investment, or a premium above the risk-free rate. The desired return for investing in stocks is the sum of the risk-free rate and the risk premium. Of course, different people have different risk premiums, depending on their own tolerance for risk and the company they are buying. However, in general, as the risk-free rate goes up, the total return required for investing in stocks also increases. Therefore, if the required risk premium decreases while the potential return remains the same or becomes lower, investors might feel that stocks have become too risky, and will put their money elsewhere.
Interest Rates Affect but Don't Determine the Stock Market
The interest rate, commonly bandied about by the media, has a wide and varied impact upon the economy. When it is raised, the general effect is to lessen the amount of money in circulation, which works to keep inflation low. It also makes borrowing money more expensive, which affects how consumers and businesses spend their money; this increases expenses for companies, lowering earnings somewhat for those with debt to pay. Finally, it tends to make the stock market a slightly less attractive place to investment.
Keep in mind, however, that these factors and results are all interrelated. What we described above are very broad interactions, which can play out in innumerable ways. Interest rates are not the only determinant of stock prices and there are many considerations that go into stock prices and the general trend of the market - an increased interest rate is only one of them. Therefore, one can never say with confidence that an interest rate hike by the Fed will have an overall negative effect on stock prices.
F. 股票的影響因素有哪些
這個問題很深奧啊,首先從大的方向來講,股票的最大影響因素取決於公司的營收狀況,就像現在的蘋果當之無愧的全球賺錢大王,也是當值無愧的七千億美金市值。其次就是一些其他因素,譬如天氣,為什麼呢,有些農業相關的上市公司,受天氣的影響特別大,還有像賣傘的上市公司他們的營收很大一部分取決於天氣好壞,這種例子很多的,另外就是政策,以比亞迪為例,近些年比亞迪因為電動汽車的開發,得到了政府很多補貼,他們自然受到的營收空間就大很多了。還有像領導層、新開發業務、新聞輿論導向、以及股市的當下行情等都會影響股票。這是基於基本面分析法做出的,結論。如果說是技術分析法會給你講一堆看線的技巧,雖然是自己騙自己的但是我們也不得不把這些相信技術分析法的人考慮在內,因為他們的每一次出手也會影響股價。
G. 怎麼預測這支股票漲跌,是什麼因素在左右股票
本質上來看,股票就是一種「商品」所以它價格的多少由內在價值(標的公司價值)所決定,而且起伏不會特別大,而是圍繞著它的價值上下波動。
普通商品的價格波動和股票的價格波動一樣,會受到市場上供給與需求的影響。
就像豬肉,市場上需要很多豬肉的時候,供不應求,那價格就會上升;當豬肉產量不斷增加,豬肉供給過剩,那必然會降低價格。
對於股票來說:10元/股的價格,50個人賣出,但市場上有100個買,那另外50個買不到的人就會以11元的價格買入,股價就會因此得到提高,反之就會導致股價下降(由於篇幅問題,這里將交易進行簡化了)。
在日常生活中,買賣雙方的情緒會受到很多事情的影響,可能使供求關系變化,其中會產生重大影響的因素有3個,下面來詳細說明一下。
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一、股票漲跌的原因有哪些呢?
1、政策
行業或產業的發展,離不開國家政策的指導,比如說新能源,現在國家對新能源產業的扶持力度越來越大,對相關企業、產業都有一定的支持,比如補貼、減稅等。
這就招來大量的市場資金,尤其是相關行業板塊和上市公司,是重點挖掘對象,最後引起股票的漲跌。
2、基本面
用長期的目光看,市場的走勢和基本面相同,基本面向好,市場整體就向好,比如說疫情後我國經濟回暖,企業盈利增加,這樣一來股市也變得景氣。
3、行業景氣度
這個比較關鍵,我們都知道股票的漲跌,是不會脫離行業走勢的,行業的景氣度和公司股票掛鉤,行業景氣度好,公司股票就好,比如上面說到的新能源。
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二、股票漲了就一定要買嗎?
對於股票,許多人都只是剛接觸到,一看某支股票漲勢大好,趕緊買上幾萬塊,結果跌的那個慘啊,被狠狠的套住了。其實股票的變化起伏可以進行短期的人為控制,只要有人持有足夠多的籌碼,一般來說占據市場流通盤的40%,就可以完全控制股價。如果你現在是剛入門的股票新手,優先選擇長期持有龍頭股進行價值投資,避免短線投資被佔了便宜。吐血整理!各大行業龍頭股票一覽表,建議收藏!
應答時間:2021-09-23,最新業務變化以文中鏈接內展示的數據為准,請點擊查看
H. 股票價值評估的模型有哪些分別適用於哪些情況,在實際操作中需要注意什麼問題
股票價值評估分以下幾種模型:
1.DDM模型(Dividend discount model /股利折現模型)
2.DCF /Discount Cash Flow /折現現金流模型)
(1)FCFE ( Free cash flow for the equity equity /股權自由現金流模型)模型
(2)FCFF模型( Free cash flow for the firm firm /公司自由現金流模型)
DDM模型
V代表普通股的內在價值, Dt為普通股第t期支付的股息或紅利,r為貼現率
對股息增長率的不同假定,股息貼現模型可以分為
:零增長模型、不變增長模型(高頓增長模型)、二階段股利增長模型(H模型)、三階段股利增長模型和多元增長模型等形式。
最為基礎的模型;紅利折現是內在價值最嚴格的定義; DCF法大量借鑒了DDM的一些邏輯和計算方法(基於同樣的假設/相同的限制)。
1. DDM DDM模型模型法(Dividend discount model / Dividend discount model / 股利折現模型股利折現模型)
DDM模型
2. DDM DDM模型的適用分紅多且穩定的公司,非周期性行業;
3. DDM DDM模型的不適用分紅很少或者不穩定公司,周期性行業;
DDM模型在大陸基本不適用;
大陸股市的行業結構及上市公司資金飢渴決定,分紅比例不高,分紅的比例與數量不具有穩定性,難以對股利增長率做出預測。
DCF 模型
2.DCF /Discount Cash Flow /折現現金流模型) DCF估值法為最嚴謹的對企業和股票估值的方法,原則上該模型適用於任何類型的公司。
自由現金流替代股利,更科學、不易受人為影響。
當全部股權自由現金流用於股息支付時, FCFE模型與DDM模型並無區別;但總體而言,股息不等同於股權自由現金流,時高時低,原因有四:
穩定性要求(不確定未來是否有能力支付高股息);
未來投資的需要(預計未來資本支出/融資的不便與昂貴);
稅收因素(累進制的個人所得稅較高時);
信號特徵(股息上升/前景看好;股息下降/前景看淡)
DCF模型的優缺點
優點:比其他常用的建議評價模型涵蓋更完整的評價模型,框架最嚴謹但相對較復雜的評價模型。需要的信息量更多,角度更全面, 考慮公司發展的長期性。較為詳細,預測時間較長,而且考慮較多的變數,如獲利成長、資金成本等,能夠提供適當思考的模型。
缺點:需要耗費較長的時間,須對公司的營運情形與產業特性有深入的了解。考量公司的未來獲利、成長與風險的完整評價模型,但是其數據估算具有高度的主觀性與不確定性。復雜的模型,可能因數據估算不易而無法採用,即使勉強進行估算,錯誤的數據套入完美的模型中,也無法得到正確的結果。小變化在輸入上可能導致大變化在公司的價值上。該模型的准確性受輸入值的影響很大(可作敏感性分析補救)。
I. 股票的預測模型有哪些
Miller and Modigliani(1961)四個定價模式
1.凈現金流量折現法
2.投資機會折現法
3.股利折現法
4.盈餘折現法
市場實務(本益比、市價凈值比等)倍數還原法
自由現金流量法(Free Cash Flow Method)
市場效率假說
CAPM模型與APT模型等
你是指上述之評價模式嗎